Understanding the architecture of language is fundamental for becoming a confident communicator. In the domain of English Grammar, one of the first and most vital concepts every learner must grasp is the classification known as the Parts of Speech. These categories act as linguistic pillars that support every sentence we construct, whether simple or intricately layered.
This detailed guide explains all eight Parts of Speech, along with their Hindi meanings, examples, usage notes, and practical tips for learners. The content flows from basic explanations to nuanced details to help beginners and advanced learners alike.
Every language possesses a system through which words take on roles. These roles determine how sentences function, how ideas connect, and how meaning flows from one phrase to the next. In English Grammar, these functional categories are called the Parts of Speech.
In Hindi, these are understood as:
Before we explore each in depth, remember that mastering these categories is not merely an academic exercise. It is a transformative tool that elevates writing, refines speaking, and enhances comprehension.
A noun denotes the name of a person, place, object, idea, or feeling. In English Grammar, nouns form the core components of sentences.
संज्ञा — किसी व्यक्ति, स्थान, वस्तु, विचार या भाव का नाम।
Nouns are indispensable. Without them, no sentence can specify what is being discussed.
Pronouns replace nouns to avoid repetition and improve sentence flow. The concept may appear simple, yet pronouns are diverse and nuanced.
सर्वनाम — संज्ञा के स्थान पर प्रयुक्त शब्द।
Pronouns make speech graceful, preventing redundancy while ensuring clarity.
A verb expresses action or a state of being. In English Grammar, verbs create the backbone of storytelling, description, and expression.
क्रिया — किसी कार्य या अवस्था को व्यक्त करने वाले शब्द।
Verbs are dynamic. They introduce movement, emotion, and existence into language.
Adjectives describe or modify nouns or pronouns. They enrich language by adding layers of detail, color, and characterization.
विशेषण — संज्ञा या सर्वनाम की विशेषता बताने वाले शब्द।
Adjectives embellish sentences, transforming plain statements into vivid imagery.
An adverb modifies verbs, adjectives, or other adverbs. It answers questions like: how, when, where, and to what extent.
क्रिया विशेषण — क्रिया, विशेषण या अन्य क्रिया विशेषण को विशेषता बताने वाले शब्द।
Adverbs refine the movement and mood of a sentence, giving precision to communication.
Prepositions show relationships between nouns/pronouns and other words in a sentence—usually relationships of position, time, or direction.
सम्बन्ध बोधक — शब्दों में सम्बन्ध स्थापित करने वाले शब्द।
Prepositions are subtle yet powerful; when misused, they can distort meaning.
Conjunctions join words, phrases, or clauses. Without them, communication would be fragmented and incomplete.
समुच्चय बोधक — वाक्यों या शब्दों को जोड़ने वाले शब्द।
Conjunctions facilitate smooth, coherent communication.
Interjections are spontaneous expressions of emotions or reactions.
विस्मयादि बोधक — अचानक भाव व्यक्त करने वाले शब्द।
Used sparingly, interjections add emotional resonance to communication.
| Parts of Speech | Hindi Meaning | Purpose |
|---|---|---|
| Noun | संज्ञा | Names a person, place, thing, idea |
| Pronoun | सर्वनाम | Replaces a noun |
| Verb | क्रिया | Shows action or state |
| Adjective | विशेषण | Describes noun/pronoun |
| Adverb | क्रिया विशेषण | Modifies verb/adjective/adverb |
| Preposition | सम्बन्ध बोधक | Shows relationship |
| Conjunction | समुच्चय बोधक | Connects ideas |
| Interjection | विस्मयादि बोधक | Expresses sudden feeling |
This diagnostic approach simplifies grammar analysis.
Words may function differently depending on usage.
Example:
More words mean more understanding of how Parts of Speech function in real communication.
This strengthens grammatical intuition.
Notice how writers and speakers play with structure.
Visual organization enhances retention.
Identify the underlined word:
The Parts of Speech are eight categories of words—Noun, Pronoun, Verb, Adjective, Adverb, Preposition, Conjunction, and Interjection. These categories help explain how words function within sentences.
They help learners understand sentence structure, improve accuracy, and enhance communication skills in English Grammar. Mastering them makes reading, writing, and speaking easier and more effective.
Look at the role a word plays:
Yes, the concepts are similar, though usage varies. Hindi terms like संज्ञा (noun), क्रिया (verb), and विशेषण (adjective) align with the Parts of Speech in English.
Because their function changes with context.
Example:
Start with definitions, observe examples, analyze simple sentences, and practice regularly. Creating charts, flashcards, or sentence lists also helps.
Common types include Proper, Common, Collective, Abstract, and Material Nouns. Each expresses different kinds of naming.
Yes. Many English words are versatile. For example:
Context determines the correct category.
It strengthens sentence formation, enriches vocabulary, enhances clarity, and helps organize ideas in a grammatically correct manner.
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